Ideal body -
Rather than focusing on body fat alone, it is best to prioritize an overall healthy lifestyle. Exercising more, doing regular strength training, and eating a balanced diet are good ways to maintain health.
To find their ideal weight, an individual must look at a number of factors, including gender and activity level. Learn how to find your healthy weight. There are various ways to measure the percentage of body fat, and some are more high tech than others.
In this article, we describe the range of…. Body fat scales are devices that estimate the relative percentages of fat and muscle inside the body. Read on to learn about how they work and their…. Body fat scales can be an easy way to track body composition, but research debates their accuracy.
Here, learn about body fat scales and the best…. Sustainable weight management involves eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and engaging in stress-reducing techniques.
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Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. Body fat percentage charts for men and women. Medically reviewed by Angela M. Bell, MD, FACP — By Zawn Villines — Updated on November 27, Target body fat percentages Women Men How to calculate BMI Limitations Questions for doctors Summary A high percentage of body fat can increase the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other health conditions.
A note about sex and gender Sex and gender exist on spectrums. Was this helpful? What should my body fat percentage be?
Body fat percentage table for women. Body fat percentage table for men. How to calculate. Problems and limitations. Questions to ask a doctor. How we reviewed this article: Sources.
Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. When setting up a ventilator for an adult patient, the only calculation you will have to do is determine their ideal body weight and then use that weight to choose a safe tidal volume for your patient.
If you end up with a zero or negative number in the bracket, do not continue with this formula: just use 50 kg for males or Just plug 14 into the bracket. You are already on step 2 of the formula!
Mental math skips the step of having to figure out how many inches if you do not have it handy. We subtract 60 inches 5 feet from their height to do the calculation. Therefore, we take how much taller she is above 5 feet, and that number of inches goes in the bracket.
Therefore 3 goes in the bracket to multiply with 2. Basic Principles of Mechanical Ventilation Copyright © by Sault College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.
Skip to content What is Ideal Body Weight IBW? This x-ray shows bilateral infiltrates on both lungs. A ventilator-induced lung injury could appear similar to this. If you would like some basic knowledge regarding ARDS, refer to these two links for a brief overview the first link is more basic, and the second link provides more advanced information : ARDS Mayo Clinic Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: New Definition, Current and Future Therapeutic Options.
The terms barotrauma and volutrauma can be used interchangeably and they mean the same thing—volume equals pressure, and pressure equals volume. Prior to the recruitment process, equal gender distribution, third-year upper secondary students, two different lines of study, voluntary participation and written informed consent were defined as inclusion criteria.
The informants were thereupon chosen from two different lines of study: general studies and elite sports. The gender distribution from each school was equal: two boys and two girls.
The two lines of study were chosen with a view to having the most representative sample possible, consisting of those more active in sports and those who are more passive i. Nevertheless, it emerged that seven of the eight informants participated in sports in their spare time.
Third-year upper secondary pupils were chosen because they are young people who are hopefully able to provide reflective answers.
The equal gender distribution was important given the fact that gender is often a key variable in studies based around young people and their bodies. Contact with schools took place via school leaders and then through individual teachers who helped with the recruitment of students.
Interviews were conducted, which is an appropriate methodological approach for in-depth studies whereby the purpose is to reveal informants' opinions, attitudes and experiences Tjora, Interviews and later analysis of the material is also an appropriate method for discourse studies, because it provides insight into how people construct their reality through the ways in which they express themselves Thagaard, A semi-structured interview was chosen to record the informants' views on the body.
Here, a formulated interview guide was used, divided into four topics social media, own relationship with the body, body ideals and body pressure.
The interview guide was developed with open-ended questions, thus providing guidance for the conversation while at the same time allowing for more open dialogue, with the possibility of follow-up questions Kvale and Brinkmann, Studies show that informants often fail to express themselves in the first person when discussing the body, or that they distance themselves from topics that deal with body pressure Lauritzen, ; Eriksen et al.
Due to the sensitivity of the topic, the interviews were conducted individually, as opposed to in a focus group.
The interviews were conducted in the autumn of by one of the authors, lasted for approximately 20 to 45 min and were audio recorded. Despite improvements of the formulations in the interview guide following the conducted pilot interview, a few questions appeared unclear to some of the informants.
One of the interviews was interrupted on account of the need to change rooms, which led to the absence of certain questions. However, the rest of the interviews were conducted in their entirety.
The audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed and coded in main and subcategories in the program NVivo The first step in the analysis was to conduct an empirical coding, where the point is for the codes to be as close as possible to the informants' utterances, dealing with the minutiae of the material Tjora, All utterances were given individual codes.
The coding was carried out to ensure that the statements were represented in their entirety. The codes were then classified into relevant main categories with subcategories Ringdal, The interviews were based on how the informants assign meaning to their experiences through the ways in which they express themselves.
The focus was therefore on identifying the views that were reflected in the informants' understanding of the body and body pressure and on analyzing their statements considering theories and previous research. The informants' identities were hidden through anonymization, and their pseudonyms were omitted from all paraphrasing.
We understand that interviewing young people in relation to sensitive topics such as body pressure, requires a relationship of trust in the interview situation that we do not know for sure has been achieved. Talking about body image and body-looking pressure can be perceived as sensitive and potentially lead to more destructive emotions related to body image.
This was considered in the interview section in that it was stated that the informant did not need to provide detailed personal information of a more private, sensitive nature.
In addition, based on the sensitive topic of the interviews, the information form included contact information for different school nurses. None of the informants received any rewards from taking part in the study. The Norwegian Centre for Research Data NSD has assessed the study and is in line with privacy regulations.
In accordance with NSD's guidelines, all the informants provided a written informed consent. The information form contained details regarding the purpose of the study, the interview situation, the opportunity to withdraw from participating, privacy, the use of pseudonyms to ensure anonymity and that audio recordings and any other personal information would be deleted at the end of June When presenting and discussing the results of this study, an attempt has been made to give a presentation of all the different perspectives that emerged through the interviews.
On some occasions, several quotes with common content have been collected into a common voice, while when one or more informants have stood out from the crowd, direct quotation or paraphrasing is used. The synoptic power perspective, or Foucault's thinking about the possibilities for institutions to manipulate the thoughts and practices around the body for the majority Foucault, ; Mathiesen, , , seems to be confirmed by several of the informants in our study.
I think it's like the ideal body becomes a part of what you want. And if that lifestyle is something you have to work hard for, then I wouldn't say it's an ideal body because it affects your lifestyle. As long as you are fine with your body and can do the things you want, there's no real answer as to what the ideal body is.
Several of the boys refer to the importance of having a trained, flat stomach and a six-pack, depictions that correspond to the notion of a well-proportioned muscular body as being the male body ideal Markula and Pringle, It is also in line with Bratland-Sanda and Sundgot-Borgen's study of Norwegian teenagers, where a desire for muscles and physical activity were prominent patterns.
It seems that the muscular body ideal becomes synonymous with a disciplined, trained body Smolak and Stein, Some of the informants describe a body ideal related to being well-trained in order to perform in areas of life where exercise and physical activity are key.
This may indicate that they have a clear perception of what the media and society view as the ideal male body, but that they themselves challenge this ideal by focusing on the body's performance rather than how fit the body looks Rønbeck, One informant states that most boys would agree with his description of the ideal body, a statement that may reflect a media discourse around the body of which he himself has become a part Thualagant, Our study demonstrates that there is a mutual influence between specific perceptions and practices related to the body.
It appears that body ideals are closely linked to exercise and training, which corresponds with Slater and Tiggemann's study, showing that teenage boys referred to the body images they had seen in various sports magazines. The BOPS model is seen here through the synoptic power dynamic, which indicates that the ideal stems from impressions that the individual receives from external sources.
We also found that the girls' body ideal appears to be more complex than the boys'. All of the girls describe the ideal body for girls as thin, with large buttocks and breasts.
Some also mention things related to the stomach, waist, legs, arms, face, and hair. Sonja says:. It's perhaps not a very healthy image of an ideal body, but I tend think of tall, thin models. Maybe not the thinnest ones, but one should still be tall, thin, quite well-toned, and have a nice face.
Everything should be so perfect. And even though one should be thin, one should still have boobs and a bum. This seems to correspond with Markula's study of the female body image in aerobics. She discovered through ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, and media analysis, that the media ideal is a contradiction: firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong but thin.
One of the girls reflects on body ideals as something current, defined, and self-constructed, closely linked to media presentation:. I think that in a way it is something you create in your own head, and you are so pressured to think that there is a body ideal that you get a bit carried away with the fact that there is so much written about it in the news and such places, that there is this great ideal of being slim, thin, tall and stuff.
The informants' descriptions of the ideal girl's body being thin agree with Bratland-Sanda and Sundgot-Borgen's findings about a negative linear relationship between girls' satisfaction with their own bodies and BMI.
Markula and Pringle estimate that only five percent of all women are born with the right genetics to make the current idea of the perfect body attainable.
The girls seem to be divided on whether they make a distinction between the general body ideal in society and their own personal body ideal.
Describing the ideal body as functional shows that the idea of the perfect body is not only based on aesthetics, demonstrated by some of the male informants who were concerned with the body's performance.
The fact that some girls distinguish between a general body ideal and their own may indicate that they, like some of the boys, are aware of the media's and society's discourse about the ideal body and that they wish to challenge it Rønbeck, Markula points out that several of the female aerobicizers in her study were influenced by the body ideals in exercise magazines text and pictures , but at the same time many were also skeptical of them.
She concludes that p. This awareness, nevertheless, demonstrates that women have not internalized the panoptic [and synoptic] power arrangement entirely. A synoptic power influence seems to be evident in the informants' descriptions of how celebrities and other role models influence people, which may contribute to recipients not being able to distinguish the real from the false Mathiesen, , ; Azzarito, Nevertheless, we also see examples of informants being critical of this influence Mathiesen, , ; Azzarito, Here, the ideal body is associated with success Markula and Pringle, ; Grogan, It may seem that the synoptic perspective is that which is most expressed among the informants, as they refer often to body exposure of models in magazines and advertisements, as well as celebrities on TV and on social media.
On the one hand, you have the health benefits of having a well-functioning body, you can lift heavier weight, avoid getting tired quickly and so on.
So this comes from research and also having it drummed into you from a young age, that it's important to exercise, eat healthy, stuff like that. Although it is not explicitly stated, it is reasonable to assume that the informant is referring to recommendations made by various health authorities, which may be reminiscent of Foucault's presentation of a panoptical hierarchical power strategy.
Through state health campaigns, the individual is molded to think in a certain way, which contributes to a specific set of health and wellness practices Augestad, One informant mentions young people's discussions of body ideals as a source of influence.
This can be reminiscent of an omnioptic influence, where influence on body issues goes both ways. This can be in the form of structured conversations, offhand remarks or other kinds of comments that specifically refer to the body.
The informant refers to personal social media profiles, on Facebook, Instagram, blogs etc. We have previously referred to studies that show that both young people and adults' comment and post pictures of themselves on social media to get confirmation see Fardouly et al.
This contrasts with other forms of media, such as advertising and fashion magazines, where an opportunity to provide instant feedback is not available and where the purpose is to sell a product.
In this instance, a response to the image is expected to be shared with the rest of the digital sphere, clearly marking a link between visibility and power Markula and Pringle, This will contribute to those posting pictures of themselves becoming objects of a normalizing gaze, with all the subsequent consequences comments , with the ideal body being used as a point of reference Markula, ; Markula and Pringle, Comments may lead to a practice of sharing which, when assessed, distinguishes the normal from the abnormal Cole et al.
At the same time, the informants assume the role of prosumers in that they are producers of the content Jurgenson, The posting criteria may indicate that what they share is regulated by their perceptions of the recipients Marwick, It seems that the more one receives, the closer they are to the ideal body.
If the individual views the number of likes as a status symbol, it can lead to a desire to be viewed as normal Markula and Pringle, Through their search for confirmation through likes, young people choose to share their best sides with one another through social media, which can create an unrealistic view of reality.
Even if they assume that they are acting of their own free will, it is not unrealistic to think that an unconscious external influence may be at play Hultqvist, , from role models and other significant figures that they follow on social media.
Most informants say that social media has been an important contributor to the increase in body pressure. One informant explains this by pointing out that celebrities and other role models, through social media, have become more accessible than they were before.
Another explains it as a general phenomenon; people perceive social media as creating pressure about needing to have the nicest clothes, be the best and look the best. The informant is also critical to the body exposure in the media to people who are already quite insecure about themselves, although she acknowledges that one can choose who one follows on social media.
The idea that some of that which is aimed at young people on social media concerns the body, and that social media is of great importance to young people, seems to support previous conclusions Østvold, , and that if one is exposed to body ideals on social media, it can contribute to one's own dissatisfaction with the body Cohen et al.
The informants say that it is mainly girls, or parts of the media who target girls, who edit pictures. Many believe it is a pity that people resort to this type of editing, because it helps to maintain an unrealistic body image Manago et al. This seems to support Grossbard et al.
Informants also mention that, when people post pictures online of well-trained bodies, and others of overweight bodies, and only the former receives positive comments, it can contribute to increased body pressure and support the notion that only a specific body ideal is desirable.
Ole states:. The comments that are attached to the various images of the body found on social media can be read by anybody who has access to the image and comment section.
The holder of power and influence in this form of communication is not therefore limited to the sender and the recipient but can be viewed as a ubiquitous element of power and influence within a society Thualagant, In this case, the social media platform functions as a synopticon where the many see the few Mathiesen, , ; Grabe et al.
Most of the informants state that social media plays a big role in the lives of young people in modern society and that it takes up a lot of their time. One informant justifies this by pointing out that all young people have access to social media through their mobile phones.
However, there is some variation in how the informants define the role they believe social media has. Some studies indicate that the reason given for this is that girls are more concerned with what other people think and, to a greater extent than boys, need the extra confirmation Holsen et al.
Some of the informants point out that social media is used to have conversations, get to know people or plan activities with friends. Others believe that social media has an influence on young people by being the last word in the way that people should look.
Most informants only follow their friends, family, and acquaintances on social media, while some also follow celebrities. All the informants report posting photos, but to varying degrees. They describe various criteria for posting, such as the photo being nice enough to be posted on Instagram.
Some say that a photo is nice if it depicts a special occasion or a sunset, while others associate nice photos with the physical appearance of the body. You don't post an ugly picture—you want people to see you at your best.
Most of the male informants feel that their social environments largely consist of people with a good relationship with their own body. But nobody in the boys' changing room has an issue with being exposed. The girls talk about different experiences related to the ways in which their social environments have shaped their body image.
Several described how their mothers have always told them that they are nice the way they are. She has a mother with a negative view of her own body, and she thinks it may have spread to her. Girls' body images also seem to be influenced by peer groups, which corresponds to other studies Holsen et al.
One of the girls explains that, in the 10th grade, she went from training to develop her skills to training to look better:. I had never thought about whether the body should look like this or that, but then suddenly there was a big focus on bum, boobs, and waist.
Suddenly, you had to look a specific way, and it was something I'd never thought of before. She emphasizes that other people's views of her body mean a great deal to her and that, even though she receives positive comments about her body from others who are bigger than her, these comments have contributed to her looking for faults in herself.
Then I got comments about looking nice as long as I sucked my stomach in a little. This corresponds to studies which show that the school context is important as it fosters observation and comparison among classmates Mueller et al.
If one examines the discourse on the importance of the social environment for one's own body image in light of the BOPS model, it seems to support both a panoptic and omnioptic power relationship where the individual, family and friends are all relevant influencers and actors Holsen et al.
In the context of this study, being satisfied with one's own body can be categorized as the norm. The fact that the girls generally have a positive view of their own body may indicate that they have become self-regulating, without strong external influences Foucault, In terms of the informants who experience friends and family being a negative influence, it may be that others' negative views and focus on the body are experienced as an eternal, authoritative gaze Foucault, Other people's comments about their body and general discussions about the body can both lead to young people monitoring their own behavior based on the content and direction of these conversations Shilling, ; Cole et al.
It is also conceivable that this monitoring takes place in a situation of not knowing what people around the individual are thinking, which may give the individual a sensation of not knowing if they are being observed. In connection with the girls' negative experiences of talking about the body in their social environments, one can draw on the omnioptic view, where the many see the many, to also apply to the many hearing the many Jurgenson, Since young people not only hear such dialogue, but also actively participate in it, they can be described as prosumers and body monitoring can be viewed as a mutual process Jurgenson, We perceive the BOPS model as a new and original contribution in the field of research.
We believe that the model works well as an interpretive framework in the understanding and application of Foucault's panoptic power mechanism in relation to today's medial body pressure on young people.
In the findings, it appears that young people's discourse surrounding the body is influenced by, and created by, both synoptic and omnioptic media power relations.
The mass media, the individual, family, friends, and other role models are all identified as relevant actors. A major finding is that it may indicate that the informants are aware of, and do not appear to be merely passive recipients of, a one-side, vertical, medial body pressure, but they themselves are active on social media and thus contribute to the idea of what characterizes a normal or acceptable body.
The strength of the study is that we have researched in a field that seems little explored. One of the advantages with individual interviews is that we can explore matters that specifically relate to the informant's subjective opinion. It can also be used to understand connections between the individual informants Tjora, Nevertheless, it is conceivable that the power dynamic between informant and researcher can seem intimidating and thus lead to one not being able to obtain all the available information.
It is difficult for another researcher to replicate the results obtained by semi-structured interviews as they are a form of social interaction Jørgensen and Phillips, , and the interpersonal relationship between the researcher and informant, and therefore the answers the informant provides, cannot be replicated Thagaard, There are some more limitations to the present study that should be noted.
First, there is a limited selection of informants in the study. Secondly, it is also possible that some informants have failed to answer, or failed to answer in more detail, some of the questions in the interview as the topic is sensitive. And finally, if we had sharpened the topic even more to just body pressure from various social media, we would have been able to make an even more thorough analysis of various aspects of the media's body impact on youth.
In light of the fact that we experience an explosive use of media, not least from today's youth, we will in the future need more qualitative studies that look more closely at various aspects of media related to youth and body image, studies that use both interviews and analyzes of online sources.
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Norsk senter for forskningsdata NSD.
Body fat consists of essential Iddeal Ideal body and storage fat. Sports nutrition for vegetarian athletes body fat is present in the nerve tissues, bone marrow, Ideap organs Ideal body membranes Idfal, Ideal body bkdy Ideal body lose this fat without compromising physiological function. Storage fat, on the other hand, represents an energy reserve that accumulates when excess energy is ingested and decreases when more energy is expended than consumed. Women are believed to have more essential body fat than men because of childbearing and hormonal functions. Average percentages body fat for the general population and for various athletes are presented in table Food Assistance and Food Systems Ideal body. Bidy calculator provides body mass index BMI and the corresponding BMI weight Ideeal category Ideal body adults 20 years Idal older. For children and teens, 2 through 19 years, use the BMI Calculator for Children and Teens. English Metric. Note: this calculator uses JavaScript. If you have JavaScript turned off or have problems using the calculator, use the formula for calculating BMI on About BMI for Adults. Recalculate BMI.
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